4.6 Format for Bibliographic References

Many entities have a bibliographic_source attribute used for the textual citation of the source of data. The data source may be a published paper, a company report, personal communication, map, thesis, monograph etc. The Author-Date system or Harvard system is used to format the bibliographic reference.

For books, reference information is presented in the following order:

1. Author(s) surname and initials or given name
   The author’s surname appears first, separated from the initials by a comma, with full stops used after each initial. For books with multiple authors, names should be cited in the order in which they appear on the title page. Anonymous works and works which do not bear the author’s name are listed by title. Use of the words ‘Anonymous’ or ‘Anon’ is not recommended. Books sponsored by an organisation and bearing no author names are listed by the name of the organisation. Works in which the role of editor, compiler, reviser or translator is paramount are listed under the name of that person, with the abbreviations ‘ed.’, ‘eds.’, ‘comp.’, ‘comps.’, ‘rev.’ or ‘trans.’ added.

eg. Forbes, W.H
     Leeder, S.R., Dobson, A.J., Gibberd, R.W. & Patel, N.K
     Centre for Groundwater Studies,
     Crowley, F.K. (ed.)


2. Year of publication
   If the book contains no publication date, the expression ‘n.d.’ is used. The prefix ‘c’ for circa is used if the date is established approximately, and ‘?’ if the date is dubious. The term ‘forthcoming’ is used if a work is not yet in the process of publication and ‘in press’ is used when the work is currently being published. An unpublished work uses the term ‘unpub.’.

   eg. Snow, C.P. 1979,
        Carruthers, E.B.A. n.d.,
        Harris, J.G. c.1751
        Quirk, M.C. ?1751
        Daly, X. (forthcoming)
        Weinberg, M.M. (in press)
        Crowley, F.K. (unpub.)

3. Title of publication
   The title cited is as it appears on the title page, with the use of maximum capitalisation.
   
   
4. Title of series, if applicable
   
   
5. Volume number or number of volumes, if applicable
   If only one volume of a multivolume work is relevant, the volume number should be inserted after the title

   eg. vol. 1
        vols. 2 & 3

6. Edition, if applicable
   Any edition other than the first edition should be indicated.

   eg. 2nd edn.

7. Editor, reviser, compiler or translator, if other than author
   The role of the editor, translator, reviser or compiler can be acknowledged after the title information.

   eg. ed. F.K. Crowley
        rev. R.A. Dutch

8. Elements of a book, if applicable
   
   
9. Name of publisher
   
   
10. Place of publication
    The site of the publisher’s main editorial offices should be cited. If no place of publication is printed, then the expression ‘n.p.’ (no place) is used.
    
    
11. Page number or numbers, if applicable

For journals and periodicals, reference material is presented in the following order:

1. Author’s name
   
   
2. Year of publication
   
   
3. Title of article
   
   
4. Title of journal or periodical
   Any abbreviation for title of the journal is the one recommended by the World List of Scientific Periodicals or the Index Medicus.
   
   
5. Title of series, if applicable
   
   
6. Place of publication, if applicable
   
   
7. Volume number, if applicable
   
   
8. Issue number or other identifier, if applicable
   The issue number of the journal uses the ‘no.’ prefix

   eg. vol. 1,no. 4

9. Page number or numbers

eg. pp. 44-55

The guidelines for articles in journals and periodicals can also be used as the basis to reference unpublished material. This includes theses, conference papers, seminars and meetings and manuscripts. When citing theses, the name of the relevant organisation is added.

The AGPS Style Manual provides further guidelines on the application of the Author-Date system of referencing (AGPS, 1994). As examples, the bibliography relating to the groundwater standards in Chapter 7 uses this system.