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Domain for TYPE attribute of GROUNDWATER_FEATURE entity
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References
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ASTM D 5254-92 1992, Standard practice for minimum set of data
elements to identify a ground-water site. American Society for
Testing and Materials
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Huisman, L. 1972, Groundwater Recovery. Macmillan London, 336pp.
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Mathey, S.B. (ed.) 1997, Users Manual for the National Water Information
System of the US Geological Survey, Chapter 1 Groundwater Site
Inventory System. USGS Open File Report 97/633, United States Geological
Survey, 172 p. http://www-tampa.er.usgs.gov/nw
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NGC 1998, Review of Data Structures for Core Groundwater Data in
Australia, NLP 97/7020 Project Report, National Groundwater Committee
Working Group on National Groundwater Data Standards, 345 p.
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Pfannkuch, H. 1969, Elsevier's Dictionary of Hydrogeology,
Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, 168 p.
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Stanger, G. 1994, Dictionary of Hydrology and Water Resources,
Flinders University, Adelaide
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Qualifier 1: Typical surface expression
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Qualifier 2: Dominant orientation
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Note:
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|
Attribute |
Code |
Parent |
Category |
|
|
Synonyms |
Description |
Qualifier 1 |
Qualifier 2 |
| feature_type |
CON |
|
constructed
feature |
|
|
|
man-made
feature that has allowed access to groundwater |
|
|
| feature_type |
BOR |
CON |
|
bore |
|
borehole,
tube well, drillhole, slim hole, well (SA) |
small
diameter vertical hole, constructed by drilling, driving or jetting |
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
SPT |
BOR |
|
|
spear
point |
drive
point, sand point, well point, cone penetrometer, push tube |
rigid
screened section with base cone driven through unconsolidated formations |
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
PZM |
BOR |
|
|
piezometer |
|
groundwater
head measuring instrument |
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
MPS |
BOR |
|
|
multiport
sampler |
|
bore
containing multiple inlets allowing discrete sampling at various depths
downhole |
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
OHL |
BOR |
|
|
open
hole |
|
completely
uncased borehole |
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
WEL |
CON |
|
well |
|
|
large
diameter vertical hole, manually or mechanically dug |
polygon,
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
DWL |
WEL |
|
|
dug
well |
|
large
diameter vertical hole excavated to access groundwater |
polygon,
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
SHT |
WEL |
|
|
shaft |
caisson,
winze, raise |
large
diameter vertical excavation used in mining industry |
polygon,
point |
vertical |
| feature_type |
IBR |
CON |
|
inclined
bore |
|
angle
hole, deviated hole |
small
diameter hole, oriented at an angle from the horizontal |
point |
angled |
| feature_type |
INC |
CON |
|
incline |
|
decline |
passage
of large cross sectional area, oriented at an angle from the horizontal |
polygon,
point |
angled |
| feature_type |
TRN |
CON |
|
trench |
|
ditch,
costean |
linear
depression in the land surface that intercepts groundwater |
line |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
CUT |
TRN |
|
|
cutting |
road
cutting, rail cutting |
cutting
along a road or railway that intersects the watertable |
line |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
DRN |
CON |
|
drain |
|
|
buried
near horizontal small diameter porous conduit used to collect groundwater |
limited
to exit or maintenance points |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
TDN |
DRN |
|
|
tile
drain |
line
sink |
porous
pipe set at a shallow angle below watertable to induce gravitational
drainage, typically used in irrigation areas |
limited
to exit or maintenance points |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
HWL |
DRN |
|
|
horizontal
well |
trench
well |
horizontally
set screen and gravel pack, typically set just below watertable in
a coastal environment |
limited
to exit or maintenance points |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
TNL |
CON |
|
tunnel |
|
|
near
horizontal underground passage of large cross sectional area below
water table |
limited
to access points/polygons |
horizontal
|
| feature_type |
DVE |
TNL |
|
|
drive |
adit,
drift, level, sublevel, gallery |
near
horizontal underground passage below water table, used in mining industry |
limited
to access points/polygons |
horizontal
|
| feature_type |
GAL |
TNL |
|
|
infiltration
gallery |
water
gallery |
near
horizontal underground passage of large cross sectional area below
water table, used specifically to drain groundwater |
limited
to access points/polygons |
horizontal
|
| feature_type |
EXV |
CON |
|
excavation |
|
pit |
surface
workings which expose the water table |
polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
OCT |
EXV |
|
|
open
cut |
drag
line, strip mine, quarry |
surface
workings related to mining |
polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
DAM |
EXV |
|
|
dam |
sump |
excavation
designed to store water |
polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
MHL |
CON |
|
multiple
hole |
|
well
point system, battery |
group
of wells or bores pumped from a single header |
linear
array of points |
composite |
| feature_type |
RAD |
CON |
|
radial
collector |
|
star
well, Ranney well, combination well |
well
or borehole with radially extending horizontal or inclined collectors |
point |
composite |
| feature_type |
STP |
CON |
|
stope |
|
cavern,
chamber, room |
large
underground excavation in mining industry |
none |
composite |
| feature_type |
MNE |
CON |
|
mine |
|
|
shafts
interconnected by underground laterals, underground mining operation |
limited
to access point/polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
QAN |
MNE |
|
|
qanat |
groundwater
mine, interconnected wells, drainage wells, connector wells |
composite
of wells and horizontal drains constructed specifically to access
groundwater |
limited
to access point/polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
FLD |
CON |
|
field |
|
borefield,
wellfield |
an
area containing a cluster of wells and/or bores |
polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
NAT |
|
natural
feature |
|
|
|
natural
feature that has allowed access to groundwater |
point |
variable |
| feature_type |
SPR |
NAT |
|
spring |
|
barrier
spring, contact spring, valley spring |
point
emergence of groundwater at land surface |
point |
variable |
| feature_type |
MDS |
SPR |
|
|
mound
spring |
gour,
knoll spring |
spring
with accumulation of precipitating minerals |
point |
variable |
| feature_type |
TBS |
SPR |
|
|
tubular
spring |
|
spring
issuing from round channel such as a lava tube |
point |
variable |
| feature_type |
SAS |
SPR |
|
|
subaqueous
spring |
vrulje |
spring
discharging below surface of water bodies |
point |
variable |
| feature_type |
SPL |
NAT |
|
spring
line |
|
fault
spring |
planar
emergence of groundwater at land surface |
line,
linear array of points |
variable |
| feature_type |
SEP |
NAT |
|
seepage |
|
soak,
swamp, bog, seepage spring, filtration spring, seepage face, effluent
seepage |
diffuse
areal emergence of groundwater at land surface |
polygon |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
EFL |
NAT |
|
effluent
lake |
|
depression
spring, discharge lake |
lake
receiving groundwater from shallow aquifer |
polygon |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
SAL |
EFL |
|
|
salina |
salina,
salt lake, salar, cenote, sabkha, playa, alkali flat |
ephemeral
salt lake |
line |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
EFS |
NAT |
|
effluent
stream |
|
gaining
stream, base flow, underflow |
stream
receiving groundwater from shallow aquifer |
line |
horizontal |
| feature_type |
CVE |
NAT |
|
cave |
|
cavern,
chamber, cavity, endokarst, groundwater reservoir, void, solution
opening |
naturally
forming underground cavity below water table |
limited
to access point/polygon |
composite |
| feature_type |
UNK |
|
unknown |
|
|
|
groundwater
feature of unknown type |
unknown |
unknown |
