The Australian National Groundwater Data Transfer Standard

EQUIPMENT Domain of EQUIPMENT attribute of PARAMETER entity                         References                         ADITC 1985, Australian Drillers Guide, Australian Drilling Industy Training Committee Limited, 572p.                         ARMCANZ 1997, Minimum Construction Requirements for Water Bores in Australia, Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand,86p. http://www.dpie.gov.au/dpie/armcanz                         AS 2368-1990 1990, Test pumping of water wells. Standards Australia                         ASTM 1997, ASTM Standards Related to Environmental Site Characterisation, American Society for Testing and Materials,1410p.                         ASTM D5126-90 1990, Standard guide for comparison of field methods for determining hydraulic conductivity in the vadose zone. American Society for Testing and Materials                         ASTM D5410-93 1993, Standard guide for set of data elements to describe a ground-water site; Part Three- usage descriptors. American Society for Testing and Materials                         ASTM D5737-95 1995, Standard guidefor methods for measuring well discharge. American Society for Testing and Materials                         ASTM D5753-95 1995, Standard guide for planning and conducting borehole geophysical logging. American Society for Testing and Materials                         Mathey, S.B. (ed.) 1997, Users Manual for the National Water Information System of the US Geological Survey, Chapter 1 Groundwater Site Inventory System. USGS Open File Report 97/633, United States Geological Survey, 172 p. http://www-tampa.er.usgs.gov/nwisdoc NGC 1998, Review of Data Structures for Core Groundwater Data in Australia, NLP 97/7020 Project Report, National Groundwater Committee Working Group on National Groundwater Data Standards, 345 p.                         Parker, S.P. (ed.) 1989, Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th edn., McGraw-Hill, New York.                         Science Hypermedia 1995, Encyclopedia of Analytical Instrumentation. http://www.scimedia.com/analytic/ac-meths.htm USEPA 1999, EPA STORET Production Version 1.1. Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency                         Walker, P.M.B (ed.) 1988, Science and Technology Dictionary. Chambers Cambridge UK.                         Qualifer 1: typical parameter measured by equipment                       Qualifer 2:                         Note:                         Attribute Code Parent Category           Synonyms Description Qualifier 1 Qualifier 2 equipment FLO   flow meter             device for measuring or giving an output signal proportional to the rate of fluid flow and usually installed in a closed pipe discharge   equipment FLOT FLO   turbine flow meter         current meter, propeller flow meter, totalling meter, volume meter, rotating meter impeller type meter consisting of a rotor blade mounted in flow tube to give a electrical or mechanical signal proportional to flow discharge   equipment FLOM FLO   magnetic flow meter         electromagnetic flow meter fluid motion through a magnetic field induces an electromotive force in meter to determine flow rate discharge   equipment FLOA FLO   acoustic flow meter         transient time meter, sonic meter, doppler flow meter device that uses sound waves in conjunction with knowledge of pipe wall thickness to estimate flow rate discharge   equipment FLOV FLO   venturi flow meter           device that uses relationship between pressure and flow velocity across a throat to estimate flow rate discharge   equipment FLOPT FLO   pitot tube flow meter         cox meter, collins meter device that uses difference between the static and dynamic heads is related to flow velocity discharge   equipment WR   weir             vertical obstruction that restricts total flow of water in open channel discharge   equipment WRSC WR   sharp crested weir         thin plate weir weir in open channel flush against flowing stream using a flat plate discharge   equipment WRRN WR     rectangular notch weir         water discharges over a rectangular notch in weir in open channel discharge   equipment WRVN WR     v-notch weir         water discharges over a triangular v-notch in weir in open channel discharge   equipment WRVN-60 WR       60 deg v-notch weir       water discharges over a 60 degree triangular v-notch in weir in open channel discharge   equipment WRVN-90 WR       90 deg v-notch weir       water discharges over a 90 degree triangular v-notch in weir in open channel discharge   equipment FLM   flume             device that restricts flow in open channel causing water to accelerate and producing a water level change discharge   equipment FLMP FLM   parshall flume           calibrated device for estimating flow in open conduits by measuring the upper and lower beads at a specified distance from an obstructing sill discharge   equipment FLMPB FLM   palmer-bowlus flume           relatively long throated flume used to measure flow in an open channel discharge   equipment OR   orifice             pipe with circular hole (orifice) and a pressure tube tapping centreline of pipe discharge   equipment ORBK OR   orifice bucket           vertical orifice meter discharging to atmosphere as a cylindrical container with a number of orifice plates set in base discharge   equipment ORPL OR   orifice plate         orifice weir horizontal orifice meter with water discharging to atmosphere discharge   equipment ORPM OR   pipeline orifice meter           orifice plate set in a pipe line with pressure tubes on each side discharge   equipment FILL   container fill           bailer, bucket timing the filling of a container of known volume discharge   equipment PWR   power record             estimated using power consumption records discharge   equipment PDC   pipe discharge column           jet stream, trajectory method measuring of the dimensions of a stream flowing from an open pipe discharge   equipment PDCH PDC   horizontal pipe discharge column           measuring of the dimensions of a stream flowing from a horizontal open pipe discharge   equipment PDCI PDC   inclined pipe discharge column           measuring of the dimensions of a stream flowing from an inclined open pipe discharge   equipment PDCV PDC   vertical pipe discharge column           measuring of the height of a stream flowing from vertical open pipe discharge   equipment MANW   manual water level             measurement of water level using a device that is manually read water level   equipment PLOP MANW   audible plopper         acoustic device, sounding weight depth reading relies on sound of contact between device on end of tape and the standing water water level   equipment TAPE MANW   manual tape         dipper, steel tape simple tape measure with weight attached to end water level   equipment ECNT MANW   electric contact           depth reading relies on electric circuit being completed when slim electrode makes contact with water water level   equipment MECW   mechanical water level             analog recorder that records water level through time water level   equipment CFLT MECW   continuous float           continuous record of position of float on water surface water level   equipment AIRL   airline water level             small diameter pipe installed in the groundwater feature and charged with air for the purpose of measuring the water level water level   equipment AIRC AIRL   calibrated airline           small diameter pipe installed in the groundwater feature and charged with air and calibrated for the purpose of measuring the water level water level   equipment GLW   geophysical log water level             estimated from geophysical logs water level   equipment PAT   pressure air tube           pneumatic recorder equipment comprises a bubbler tube, gas feed and pressure measuring device at surface pressure   equipment PTR   pressure transducer             device where magnitude of electrical response is proportional to its depth of immersion pressure   equipment PST   sonic transducer           acoustic transducer device that measures the distance to water surface by measuring elapsed time of reflected acoustic signal pressure   equipment PGAG   pressure gauge             gauge installed on headworks of flowing bore to measure hydraulic pressure pressure   equipment PGAGC PGAG   calibrated pressure gauge           properly calibrated gauge installed on headworks of flowing bore to measure hydraulic pressure pressure   equipment MANO   manometer             pressure fluctuations reflected by changes in fluid column within open ended tube pressure   equipment MANHG MANO   mercury manometer           fluid in open ended tube consists of mercury thus shortening the required tube length pressure   equipment MANI MANO   inclined liquid level indicator           manometer with leg inclined from the vertical to extend the scale for more minute readings pressure   equipment VM   velocity meter             device used to measure velocity of fluid flow flow velocity   equipment VMA VM   acoustic velocity meter         ultrasonic velocity meter device that uses sound waves to estimate flow velocity flow velocity   equipment VMEM VM   electromagnetic velocity meter           fluid motion through a magnetic field induces an electromotive force in meter to determine velocity flow velocity   equipment VMPN VM   pneumatic velocity meter           instrument used to measure flow velocity of a gas flow velocity   equipment VMIM VM   impeller velocity meter           impeller rotated by water flow to determine flow velocity flow velocity   equipment VMHP VM   heat pulse velocity meter           thermistors detect heated water inferring inflow flow velocity   equipment VMFT VM   float velocity meter           fluid velocity determined by timing passage of floats or drifters flow velocity   equipment TRC   tracer             flow velocity determined by monitoring course of an introduced marker substance flow velocity   equipment TRCC TRC   chemical tracer           chemical used as a tracer substance flow velocity   equipment TRCM TRC   microbiological tracer           non-pathogenic bacteria used as tracer flow velocity   equipment TRCR TRC   radioactive tracer           radioisotope used as a tracer substance flow velocity   equipment PAN   pan             a round shallow tank of water with a very accurate means of measuring the water level evaporation   equipment PANUA PAN   US class A pan           evaporation pan with the standard dimensions of 122 cm diameter, 25 cm depth with a rim 10cm above ground level evaporation   equipment PANAAB PAN   Australian standard class A pan with bird guard           evaporation pan with Australian standard dimensions and fitted with bird guard evaporation   equipment PANAST PAN   Australian sunken tank           pan conforming to Australian standard dimensions and flush with the ground level to minimise aerodynamic anomalies evaporation   equipment PANF PAN   floating pan           evaporation pan in which evaporation is measured from water in a pan floating in a larger body of water evaporation   equipment CLIM   climatic data             estimated from weather station data evaporation   equipment RGAG   rain gauge             rainfall collector typically manually read funnel shaped device rainfall   equipment RGAGW RGAG   weighing rain gauge           rain gauge with a bucket mounted on a weighing mechanism and the weight of catch is recorded rainfall   equipment RGAGTB RGAG   tipping bucket rain gauge           rain gauge with a partitioned and balanced receiving chambers that allow both the amount and rate of rainfall to be recorded rainfall   equipment PRM   permeameter             device for measuring hydraulic conductivity usually on a cylindrical field sample and based on Darcys law hydraulic conductivity   equipment PRMCH PRM   constant head permeameter           device measuring hydraulic conductivity where head conditions are allowed to fall during flow of water through test column hydraulic conductivity   equipment PRMFH PRM   falling head permeameter         air entry permeameter device measuring hydraulic conductivity where constant head conditions are maintained hydraulic conductivity   equipment INFLT   infiltrometer             device that measures rate of infiltration at the soil surface hydraulic conductivity   equipment INFSR INFLT   single ring infiltrometer           rate of water required to maintain a constant head within a cylindrical ring driven into soil is measured hydraulic conductivity   equipment INPB INFSR     ponded infiltration basin         flow rate required to maintain a constant head in a rectangular basin is measured hydraulic conductivity   equipment INFDR INFLT   double ring infiltrometer           similar to single rim infiltrometer but includes an outer ring to ensure that downward flow exists in the tested horizon of the inner ring hydraulic conductivity   equipment INFDT INFLT   double tube           two coaxial cylinders positioned down hole with the difference between the inner cylinder flow rate and the combined flow rate from the inner and outer cylinders is measured hydraulic conductivity   equipment INPR   instant profile             movement of wetting front from water ponded in a small basin detected with a neutron probe hydraulic conductivity   equipment GYPC   gypsum crust             unsaturated soil conditions form under a gypsum-coarse sand crust hydraulic conductivity   equipment MRSH   marsh funnel             time taken for fluid to drain from an inverted conical vessel viscosity   equipment SCS   sand content set             standard equipment where the sand retained on a fine sieve is measured sand content   equipment FLTP   filter press             standard equipment used measure of the ability of the mud to form a thin tough cake filtration loss   equipment MUDB   mud balance             simple fulcrum balance to measure specific gravity density   equipment RIGD   rigid dummy             12 metre long casing with outside diameter 80% of internal diameter of bore casing plumbness   equipment TDOL   test dolly             three rings each 85% of inside diameter of bore casing on a light rigid centre tube 12 metres long plumbness   equipment PLUM   plummet             plumb bob suspended on a thin-braided wire plumbness   equipment AUTO   autoanalyser             a fully automated instrument for chemical analysis typically involving a photometric or fluorometric measurement chemistry   equipment ATOC AUTO   carbon analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of carbon chemistry   equipment ATOCD AUTO   carbon dioxide analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of carbon dioxide chemistry   equipment PCLA AUTO   pcb/chloride analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and chloride chemistry   equipment TOCA AUTO   total organic carbon analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of total organic carbon chemistry   equipment VOCA AUTO   total volatile organic compound analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of volatile organic compounds chemistry   equipment TOHA AUTO   total organic halogen analyser           an automated instrument specifically designed for analysis of halogenated organic compounds chemistry   equipment CHROM   chromatography             equipment that separates and analyses chemical mixtures by preferential adsorption chemistry   equipment GPC CHROM   gel permeation chromatograph         size exclusion chromatograph analysis by chromatography in which the stationary phase consists of beads of porous polymeric material chemistry   equipment GC CHROM   gas chromatograph           chromatograph that uses porous particles to separate molecules of different sizes chemistry   equipment GCAFD GC     gas chromatograph with alkali flame detector       gas chromatograph with nitrogen-phosphorus detector gas chromatograph includes a detector where alkali metal ions are introduced to the flame to increase ionisation and detection of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds chemistry   equipment GCECND GC     gas chromatograph with electrolytic conductivity detector         gas chromatograph includes detector where inorganic ions from the sample are mixed with electrolyte and separated in a conductivity cell chemistry   equipment GCECD GC     gas chromatograph with electron capture detector         extremely sensitive gas chromatography detector with conditions adjusted to favour formation of negative ions chemistry   equipment GCFID GC     gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector         gas chromatograph includes a device in which the measured change in electrical conductivity of a standard flame due to the insertion of another gas is used chemistry   equipment GCFPD GC     gas chromatograph with flame photometric detector         gas chromatograph uses a device in which samples are excited to produce line emission spectra by introduction into a flame and targets phosphorous or sulphur compounds chemistry   equipment GCFTIS GC     gas chromatograph with fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer         gas chromatograph with a spectroscopic technique in which infrared wavelengths simultaneously irradiate the sample and the absorption spectra is found mathematically by Fourier transform chemistry   equipment GSHSD GC     gas chromatograph with halogen specific detector         gas chromatograph with detector specific to halogen elements chemistry   equipment GCMS GC     gas chromatograph with low resolution mass spectrometer         gas chromatograph with low resolution mass spectrometer that records the intensity distribution of particles of various mass chemistry   equipment GCPD GC     gas chromatograph with photoionisation detector         gas chromatograph with detector that relies on the removal of electron(s) from the atom or molecule by photon absorption chemistry   equipment GCTCD GC     gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector         gas chromatograph with detector that relies on measuring the rate of flow of thermal energy in the presence of a thermal gradient chemistry   equipment GCTHD GC     gas chromatograph with thermionic detector         gas chromatograph with detector that relies on the emmission of electrons as a result of heat chemistry   equipment OGA GC     orsat-type gas-analysis apparatus   gas analysis apparatus in which various gases are absorbed selectively by passing them through a series of preselected solvents     gas analysis apparatus in which various gases are absorbed selectively by passing them through a series of preselected solvents chemistry   equipment GCP GC     portable gas chromatograph         gas chromatograph of small dimensions and suitable for transport chemistry   equipment HRGC GC     high resolution gas chromatograph         high resolution gas chromatograph chemistry   equipment CCGC GC     capillary column gas chromatograph         gas chromatograph using long and narrow columns eg 100m by 0.2-0.5 mm chemistry   equipment CCGCMS CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with mass spectrophotometer       capillary column gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer as detector chemistry   equipment CCGCHRMS CCGCMS           capillary column gas chromatograph with high resolution mass spectrometer   capillary column gas chromatograph with high resolution mass spectrometer as detector chemistry   equipment CCGCLRMS CCGCMS           capillary column gas chromatograph with low resolution mass spectrometer   capillary column gas chromatograph with low resolution mass spectrometer as detector chemistry   equipment CCGCEC CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with electrolytic conductivity detector       capillary column gas chromatograph includes detector where inorganic ions from the sample are mixed with electrolyte and separated in a conductivity cell chemistry   equipment CCGCFI CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector       capillary column gas chromatograph includes a device in which the measured change in electrical conductivity of a standard flame due to the insertion of another gas is used chemistry   equipment CCGCFP CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with flame photometric detector       capillary column gas chromatograph uses a device in which samples are excited to produce line emission spectra by introduction into a flame and targets phosphorous and sulphur compounds chemistry   equipment CCGCHS CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with halogen specific detector       capillary column gas chromatograph with detector specific to halogen elements chemistry   equipment CCGCPI CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph with photoionisation detector       capillary column gas chromatograph with detector that relies on the removal of electron(s) from the atom or molecule by photon absorption chemistry   equipment CCGCAP CCGC       capillary column gas chromatograph electron capture detector       extremely sensitive capillary column gas chromatography detector with conditions adjusted to favour formation of negative ions chemistry   equipment LC CHROM   liquid chromatograph           chromatograph with a liquid as the moving phase and a solid or liquid on a solid support for the stationary phase chemistry   equipment HPLC LC     high performance liquid chromatograph         effective form of chromatograph with a liquid as the moving phase and a solid or liquid on a solid support for the stationary phase chemistry   equipment HPLCECH HPLC       high performance liquid chromatograph with electrochemical detector       high performance liquid chromatograph using a detector based on a chemical change generating an electrical signal chemistry   equipment HPLCF HPLC       high performance liquid chromatograph with fluorescence detector       high performance liquid chromatograph using a detector based on emmission spectra of fluorescence chemistry   equipment HPLCIR HPLC       high performance liquid chromatograph with infrared detector       high performance liquid chromatograph using a detector in the infrared range of the spectrum chemistry   equipment HPLCR HPLC       high performance liquid chromatograph with refractive index       high performance liquid chromatograph using a detector based on the refractive index of material chemistry   equipment HPLCTH HPLC       high performance liquid chromatograph with thermospray-ms       high performance liquid chromatograph using a mass spectrometer where the atomised sample is finely sprayed chemistry   equipment HPLCUV HPLC       high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector       high performance liquid chromatograph using a detector in the ultraviolet range of the spectrum chemistry   equipment IEC CHROM   ion exchange chromatograph           chromatograph in which stationary phase consists of ion-exchange resins chemistry   equipment IELC CHROM   ion exclusion chromatograph           chromatograph in which the adsorbent material is saturated with same mobile ions present in the sample-carrying eluent chemistry   equipment SFC CHROM   supercritical fluid chromatograph           chromatograph that uses a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate analytes chemistry   equipment TLC CHROM   thin layer chromatograph           chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than columns chemistry   equipment CND   conductivity meter             device used to measure electrical conductivity chemistry   equipment PTEC CND   platinum-electrode conductivity cell           conductivity cell containing platinised electrodes chemistry   equipment NPTEC CND   nonplatinum-electrode conductivity cell           conductivity cell containing electrodes constructed from durable common metals such as stainless steel chemistry   equipment CNDB CND   conductivity bridge           a modified Kelvin bridge for measuring very low resistances chemistry   equipment EMC CND   electromagnetic current meter         ammeter instrument for measuring the magnitude of electric current flow chemistry   equipment ECH   electrochemical detector             a device which uses chemical change to measure the parameter with the output being the electrical signal chemistry   equipment HDV ECH   hydrodynamic voltammeter           device that measures a signal current from a sample solution resulting from an application of a potential chemistry   equipment ASV HDV     anodic stripping voltammeter         device where the analyte metal forms an amalgam with a mercury electrode and then a current signal is generated when the analyte is reoxidised chemistry   equipment POL HDV     polarograph         instrument that records the current-voltage for a polarized electrode chemistry   equipment CV HDV     cyclic voltammeter         device to study variable potential of an electrode chemistry   equipment COUL ECH   coulometric detector           device where analyte concentration is measured by complete conversion from one oxidation state to another chemistry   equipment PTNT ECH   potentiometer           device for the measurement of an electromotive force by comparison with a known potential difference chemistry   equipment ISE PTNT     ion selective electrode         electrode that is sensitive to certain ions so that potential difference depends on the concentration of these ions chemistry   equipment PPH PTNT     ph meter         specialised millivolt meter which measures potential difference between reference electrodes in terms of pH chemistry   equipment SCPN ECH   steel coupons         type SAE 1020 coupons polished metal strip of specific size and weight used to detect corrosive action chemistry   equipment PD   particle detector             device used to indicate the presence of fast moving charged particles by observation of the electrical disturbance chemistry   equipment PDA PD   alpha detector           device used to indicate the presence of alpha particles chemistry   equipment PDAG PDA     alpha proportional counter         radiation counter targeting beta particles and consisting of a tube operating at sufficient voltages to produce ionization by collision chemistry   equipment PDAS PDA     alpha scintillation detector         device in which the scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by alpha particles are detected and counted chemistry   equipment PDAT PDA     alpha track detector         device mapping the tracks of alpha particles in a particle detector chemistry   equipment PDB PD   beta detector           device used to indicate the presence of beta particles chemistry   equipment PDBGP PDB     beta proportional detector         radiation counter targeting beta particles and consisting of a tube operating at sufficient voltages to produce ionization by collision chemistry   equipment PDBS PDB     beta scintillation detector         device in which the scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by beta particles are detected and counted chemistry   equipment PDBGC PDB     beta-gamma coincidence counter         ionisation type monitor that is sensitive to both beta particles and gamma rays chemistry   equipment EIA PD   electret ionization analyser           particle detector that uses as solid dielectric with persistent electric polarisation chemistry   equipment PCG PD   gamma ray counter           radiation detector specifically designed to record or monitor gamma radiation chemistry   equipment LSC PD   liquid scintillation counter           scintillation counter in which the sensitive material is a liquid such as p-terphenyl in toluene chemistry   equipment EIC PD   electronic ionization chamber           particle detector that measures the ionization produced in the gas filling the chamber by fast-moving charged particles chemistry   equipment HYDM   hydrometer             instrument used to determine the relative density of a liquid by measuring the length of the stem of the hydrometer when floated in the liquid density   equipment OVN   drying oven       closed chamber used to dry sample by heating at relatively low temperatures     closed chamber used to dry sample by heating to derive solids component mass   equipment OVN104 OVN   drying oven at 103-105C           drying oven set at 103-105 degrees Celsius to derive weight of component(s) total solids mass   equipment OVN180 OVN   drying oven at 180C           drying oven set at 180 degrees Celsius to derive weight of component(s) of total solids     equipment OVN550 OVN   drying oven at 550C           drying oven set at 500-600 degrees Celsius to derive weight of component(s) of total solids     equipment GRVM   gravimetric apparatus             apparatus used to analyse property of sample through measurement of weight mass   equipment BAL GRVM   analytical balance           laboratory instrument for measuring mass or weight mass   equipment PYCN GRVM   pycnometer           a container of precisely known volume which is filled with the liquid and weighed so that the density of the liquid can be calculated density   equipment TENS   tensiometer             device used to determine the surface tension of a liquid by measuring the force necessary to remove a ring of known radius from the liquid surface surface tension   equipment PROBE   probe             small device that can be brought in contact with the sample in order to make measurements chemistry   equipment PCTDV PROBE   CTD vertical profiler         STD recorder multifunctional recorder that can simultaneously measure salinity, temperature and depth chemistry   equipment PSGS PROBE   soil gas sampling probe           probe for sampling and testing soil gas chemistry   equipment THRM PROBE   thermometer           instrument that measures temperature temperature   equipment SPEC   spectroscope             analyser based on the electromagnetic spectra arising either from emmission, absorption or scattering of electromagnetic radiation by various substances chemistry   equipment COLM SPEC   colorimeter         chromometer device for measuring concentration of known constituent in solution by comparison with colours of a few solutions of known concentration of that constituent chemistry   equipment PHTO COLM     photometer         instrument used for making measurements of light or electromagnetic radiation in the visible range chemistry   equipment FPHM PHTO       filter photometer       a colorimeter in which the wavelength of light is selected by the use of appropriate filters chemistry   equipment ELAN SPEC   elemental analyser           device that quantitative analyses a substance to determine the relative amounts of elements chemistry   equipment SP SPEC   spectrophotometer           instrument for measuring photometric intensity of each colour or wavelength present in an optical spectrum chemistry   equipment AS SP     alpha spectrophotometer         instrument for measuring the energy distribution of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive source chemistry   equipment AAS SP     atomic absorption spectrophotometer         analyser based on the sample being converted into an atomic vapour using an acetylene-air flame and comparing the absorbance at a selected wavelength against references chemistry   equipment AASCV AAS       cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer       an atomic absorption spectrophotometer where a low temperature flame is used to atomise the sample chemistry   equipment AASF AAS       flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer       an atomic absorption spectrophotometer where a flame is used to atomise the sample chemistry   equipment AASGF AAS       graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer temperature stabilized graphite furnace aa spectrophotometer     an atomic absorption spectrophotometer where a graphite furnace is used to atomise the sample chemistry   equipment AASGFS AAS       temperature stabilised graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer       an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a detector designed for measuring hydrides, compounds such as H2S that contain hydrogen and another element chemistry   equipment AASH AAS       hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometer       an atomic absorption spectrophotometer where a temperature stabilised graphite furnace is used to atomise the sample chemistry   equipment AES SP     atomic emission spectrophotometer       optical emission spectrophotometer analyser based on vaporising the sample with the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted by each element is measured with a diffraction grating and an array of photodetectors chemistry   equipment AESDCP AES       direct-current plasma atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a plasma created by an electrical discharge between two electrodes used as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AESF AES       flame atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a high temperature flame used as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AESICP AES       inductively coupled plasma atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a very high temperature plasma used as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AESLIP AES       laser-induced plasma atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a high power CO2 laser used to maintain a hot plasma as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AESMIB AES       microwave-induced breakdown atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a microwave-induced plasma used as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AESLIB AES       laser-induced breakdown atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a high energy laser pulse causes dielectric breakdown and creates a plasma for an excitation source chemistry   equipment AESSA AES       sparc and arc atomic emmission spectrophotometer       atomic emission spectrophotometer with a current pulse or continuous electrical discharge used as the excitation source chemistry   equipment AFS SP     atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer         analyser based on atomising the sample with the characteristic fluorescence measured chemistry   equipment GS SP     gamma spectrophotometer         instrument for measuring the energy distribution of gamma rays chemistry   equipment HRGS GS       high resolution gamma spectrophotometer       high resolution instrument for measuring the energy distribution of gamma rays chemistry   equipment IRS SP     infrared absorption spectrophotometer         spectrophotometer where the absorption spectra in the infrared region is measured chemistry   equipment IRSD IRS       dispersive infrared absorption spectrophotometer       infrared absorption spectrophotometer where a grating monochromator is used to select wavelengths chemistry   equipment IRSFT IRS       fourier transform infrared absorption spectrophotometer       spectroscope in which infrared wavelengths simultaneously irradiate the sample and the absorption spectra is found mathematically by Fourier transform chemistry   equipment MS SP     mass spectrometer         instrument that determines the intensity distribution of particle masses chemistry   equipment HRMS MS       high resolution mass spectrometer       high resolution mass spectrometer chemistry   equipment ICPMS MS       inductively coupled plasma combined with mass spectrometer       mass spectrometer with an inductively coupled plasma as excitation source chemistry   equipment PBMS MS       particle beam mass spectrometer       instrument that determines the intensity distribution of particle masses by using a concentrated nearly unidirectional flow of particles chemistry   equipment NMRS SP     nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometer         a spectrometer using a phenomena where atomic nuclei in a static magnetic field absorbs energy from a radio frequency field chemistry   equipment XRF SP     x-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer         analyser where the sample is bombarded by x-rays and secondary radiations that are characteristic of elements present are studied spectroscopically chemistry   equipment UVS SP     ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometer         spectrophotometer where the absorption spectra in the ultraviolet region is measured chemistry   equipment VS SP     visible absorption spectrophotometer         spectrophotometer where the absorption spectra in the visible region is measured chemistry   equipment NIRS SP     near infrared absorption spectrophotometer         spectrophotometer where the absorption spectra in the near infrared region is measured chemistry   equipment FLUR SPEC   fluorometer           instrument that measures the fluorescence radiation emitted when a sample is exposed to monochromatic radiation chemistry   equipment LP SPEC   laser phosphorimeter           low temperature procedure based on the nature and intensity of phosphorescent light emitted after excitation by a laser energy source chemistry   equipment NPH SPEC   nephelometer           instrument that measures the light scattering function of suspended particles chemistry   equipment TRBDM SPEC   turbidimeter           device that measures the loss in intensity of a light beam as it passes through the sample solution chemistry   equipment RCRA SPEC   rate of change reflectance analyser           device that measures the ratio of spectral radiant flux reflected from sample to that of a standard chemistry   equipment DFRCT   diffractometer             device that measures the interference patterns generated by the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation chemistry   equipment DFRCTE DFRCT   electron diffractometer           device that measures the interference patterns generated by the diffraction of an electron beam chemistry   equipment DFRCTN DFRCT   neutron diffractometer           device that measures the interference patterns generated by the diffraction of a neutron beam chemistry   equipment DFRCTX DFRCT   x-ray diffractometer           instrument used in x-ray analysis to measure the intensities of the diffracted beams at different angles chemistry   equipment TEST   test kit             the combination of instruments needed to analyse the parameter or parameter suite chemistry   equipment TESTF TEST   field test kit           portable field version of the combination of instruments needed to analyse the parameter or parameter suite chemistry   equipment TESTL TEST   laboratory test kit           static and typically more precise laboratory combination of instruments needed to analyse the parameter or parameter suite chemistry   equipment TITR   titration apparatus             equipment where known amounts of standardised solution is added until a given reaction such as a colour or conductivity change is produced chemistry   equipment TITDB TITR   digital buret           titration using a digital buret to deliver standardised solution chemistry   equipment TITGB TITR   glass buret           titration using a graduated glass tube to deliver standardised solution chemistry   equipment MIC   microscope             instrument which uses radiation and optics to obtain a magnified image of an object physical   equipment EM MIC   electron microscope           microscope in which electrons are used to produce an enlarged image physical   equipment SEM EM     scanning electron microscope         microscope that images the images that are reflected from a sample physical   equipment TEM EM     transmission electron microscope         microscope that images the electrons that pass through a sample physical   equipment STM MIC   scanning tunneling microscope           microscope that can image surfaces of conducting materials with atomic scale resolution physical   equipment AFM MIC   atomic force microscope           microscope similar to a scanning tunneling microscope but does not require the sample to be an electrically conducting material physical   equipment FM MIC   fluorescence microscope           microscope in which ultraviolet-violet-blue radiation is admitted and the resulting fluorescence of the sample is observed physical   equipment OM MIC   optical microscope           microscope in which visible light is used to produce an enlarged image physical   equipment NFOM OM     near-field optical microscope         optical microscope where sample is placed very close to the <100-nm light source to reduce diffraction physical   equipment PCM OM     phase contrast microscope         microscope used to study living biological specimens whereby phase differences are converted to differences in light intensity physical   equipment SENS   sensory             using human senses such as sight, touch etc physical   equipment VIS SENS   visual inspection         human eye features of sample are visually identified physical   equipment VISC VIS     visual comparison       colour charts features of sample are visually compared with standard sets eg colour charts physical   equipment NEST VISC       nessler tube       standard glass tubes for filling with standard solution colours for visual colour comparison physical   equipment MUNS VISC       munsell colour chart       chart/handbook of standard colours used to compare rock/soil samples with physical   equipment TCH SENS   touch         human hand the tactile properties of the sample are identified by hand physical   equipment SMEL SENS   smell         human nose the olfactory properties of the sample are identified by nose physical   equipment TAST SENS   taste         human tongue the taste test physical   equipment CALC   calculated             calculated mathematically     equipment NOMO CALC   nomography (graphing) apparatus           chart representing an equation with three variables by means of three scales     equipment NON   none             no equipment used     equipment UNK   unknown             not known what equipment was used

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